Bursting Strength is a widely used measure of resistance to rupture of various materials. A test specimen is held between two circular clamps and subjected to an increasing pressure from a rubber diaphragm. The rubber diaphragm is expanded by a controlled hydraulic pressure until the test specimen ruptures. The Bursting Strength of the specimen is the pressure reading at the time of rupture.

Significance:
The Bursting Strength Test of paper, paperboard, including liner board and corrugated board, is a composite measure of certain properties of the sheet structure, principally tensile strength and elongation. In general, bursting strength is dependent on the type, proportion, preparation and amount of the fibre present in the sheet and their formation, internal sizing, and to some degree, the surface treatment. While bursting strength is an empirical property, this test, in combination with basis weight, serves to define “standard grades” in commerce.

Standard Compliance:
07 meets TAPPI T-493, ASTM D774, AS/NZ 1301, 403, ISO 2758, CPPA D.8, DIN 53141, SCAN P24
35 meets TAPPI T-807, T-810, ASTM D2529, D738, AS/NZ 1301, 438, ISO 2759, SCAN P25

Container Compression Tester is an efficient and easy to use equipment intended for measuring the ability of Corrugated or Solid fiber shipping containers to resist external compressive forces. This method describes how to determine the resistance of a fiberboard shipping container to compressive forces. This is accomplished by placing the container between two flat platens, one of which is mechanically driven to compress the box. A recording device is incorporated to indicate the force and deformation (deflection) required to compress the container.

Significance:
The compressive forces are related to some of those exerted on containers in stack or encountered in transportation. The method is used to compare the compressive resistance of different lots of similar boxes or to compare boxes of different grades. It may also be used to compare the compression characteristics of boxes differing in design or construction. In addition the information gained may be used to provide an indication of the load that a particular container may be able to withstand in service.

Standard Compliance:
TAPPI T- 804 om-02, BS 1610 :1985 Grade 0.5, DIN 51221 class 1, ASTM E-4, D 4577 – 94/D 642 – 98,  ISO 12048
IS 7028 (Part VI) 1973, 7028 (Part IX) 1975, FEFCO TM 50 1997, FCBM 14:96

Crush Tester is an efficient and easy to use equipment intended for testing paper, corrugated board and its components as well as performing compression tests on small packages.

Significance:
A crush test detects poor adhesive penetration, spotty adhesion and carton board with low bond strength. The bonding strength of glue of selected liners / flutings of a corrugated board are determined by using the PAT test. Sturdy design of the instrument ensures that the parallelism of the plates is maintained for accurate results.

Standard Compliance:
For RCT ECT, FCT, CCT, PAT, CMT, CRT-MP meets
TAPPI T-808, T-809, T-818, T-821, T- 822, T-823, T-824, IS 4006 (part II)
1972, IS 4006 (part II)1966, IS 7063 (part II) 1976, IS 4006 (part I)1966, AS/NZ 1301. 407s,
AS/NZ 1301. 434, ISO 7263, ISO 3037, ISO 3085, CPPA D.24, CPPA D.33, CPPA D.20,
DIN 53143, DIN 53134, DIN 53149, SCAN P42, SCAN P27, SCAN P34, SCAN P33, SCAN P32, FEFCO No.8,
FEFCO No.6, FEFCO No.11.

In paper manufacturing and user indusrty, the term for expressing the “Weight” per unit area, (more properly mass per unit area) of paper has been “basis weight”, “ream weight”, “substance”, or “grammage. Also in most countries the mass per unit area is expressed in grams per square meter (gm.m). The area of several sheets of paper or paperboard is determined from linear measurement the weight is determined by weighing. The grammage is calculated from the ratio of the mass to the area after conversion to metric units when necessary.

Significance :
Most paper is bought and sold in accordance with its mass per unit area, and therefore the grammage has great significance both to the consumer and the producer in defining price. The values of many physical properties such as bursting Strength, thickness, and bulk are interpreted and specified with regard to grammage.

Significance:
Since the electrical conductivity of paper is considerably effected not only by its moiture content, but also by the paper temperature and various substances contained in the paper, it is necessary to take these influences into consideration in the design of the moisture meters to ensure accurate readings.

Cobb Test is the calculated mass of water absorbed in a specified time by 1 m of paper or board under specified conditions. The test area is 100 cm for Paper.

Significance:
The test is used for determining liquid absorptiveness or resilience of treated and untreated papers, boards, fabrics and other sheet materials. The test consists of a test apparatus, its 10-kg roller and blotting paper. The roller method is recommended to insure better consistency and reliability that can be obtained by manual blotting or rubbing the specimen.

Standard Compliance:
CT/A meets TAPPI T-441, ASTM D2045,
AS/NZ 1301. 411, ISO 535, CPPA F2,
DIN 53132, SCAN P12
Related Standards : TAPPI T458, SCAN P18

Rub Proofness Tester, measures how effectively printing ink adheres to paper or board. Conforming to BS 3110, the instrument evaluates the extent of colour transfer from printed or coated materials due to rubbing - a condition which frequently
occurs during the handling and shipment of packaged goods.

Significance:
Linux Rub Proofness Tester measures the resistance to rubbing of printed paper or board. It can also be used to measure colour transfer from printed or coated material during rubbing.

Standard Compliance:
BS 3110

This method measures the force perpendicular to the plane of the paper required to tear multiple sheets of paper through a specified distance after the tear has been started using an Elmendorf type tearing tester. The measured results can be used to calculate the approximate tearing resistance of a single sheet. Measuring Unit: Nm

Significance:
When paper is subjected to high stresses in converting machine operation and handling equipment, good tearing resistance is very important. Also to achieve a higher puncture resistance result of the board, a higher tearing of the paper is desired. Standard

Compliance:
TAPPI T-414 om-88, IS 4006 (part II)1972, AS/NZ 1301.400s, DIN 53128, SCAN P11, BS EN 21974, CPPA D9.

Significance:
The Stiffness Tester utilizes a two directional pendulum-type weighing system to evaluate material stiffness, flexural strength, resiliency and elasticity properties. Force is applied to the lower end of the specimen by a pair of rollers attached to the driving disc. The resulting torque tilts the pendulum from its vertical position and a Taber Stiffness Unit reading (g.cm) is taken when the pendulum mark aligns with the appropriate driving disc mark (71/2 or 15). Predetermined sample length, deflection angle & rate of loading provide ccurate and reproducible test results.

Standard Compliance:
ASTM D 5342, D 5650
BSI BS-3748
ISO 2493

This dial micrometer (thickness gauge) offers a quick and efficient means of inspections with a convenient grip handle, thumb trigger and spring-loaded spindle. Comes in a sturdy plastic foam padded case. Includes certificate of calibration.

Significance:
This test is ideal for measuring thicknesses of paper, film, wire, sheet metal and similar materials.

Packaging materials like board, boxes etc. are subjected to handling hazards and damage in use, similar to that occurring in this test, may result from contact with solid objects, such as the end of a piece of lumber or the corner of a wooden box. Resistance to puncture is an important parameter that determines the performance of such a material.

Significance:
The puncture test (also known as the beach test or G.E. puncture test) measures the resistance of board in either single sheets (that is components) or in combined form to puncture. Such puncture may result from contact with solid objects such as a corner of a box, or the like. The test evaluates in a composite fashion some fabrication factors and material values, although it is not possible to isolate the two specifically.

Standard Comliance:
TAPPI T-803 om-88, IS 4006 (part II)1972, IS 2771 (part II)1973, ASTM D-781 -68, DIN 53142, SCAN P23,

The drop test is performed to determine the ability of fibre board containers to withstand vertical impact in free drops. The test may be performed as a single test or multiple test to determine and analyse the conditions that occur on a package during handling & transit. It serves as a effective equipment for package design and performance analysis before production and use.

Significance:
It is because that the effect of shock in transit having on products is to such an extent that they deteriorate progressively and it often leads products unusable.Needless to say, ordinary products are mostly put in far severer conditions in the distribution routes than in their working conditions.

Standard Compliance:
Tappi T-802 os 75,
ASTM D 5276 - 92,
ISO 2248 method A
AS 2582.4
IS 7028 (Part VI)

Recently, improvement in reliability has become a subject to push forward in conjunction with the reorganization and integration of product systems, and it has resulted in the environmental tests being effected on each of components, to say nothing of products. Among these tests, a vibration test is not only desired for products used in grueling working circumstances and being looked on as the environmental test in the distribution routes. It is because that the effect of shock in transit having on products is to such an extent that they deteriorate progressively and it often leads products unusable.

Significance:
Needless to say, ordinary products are mostly put in far severer conditions in the distribution routes than in their working conditions. The Vibration test is to simulates the conditions that occur on a package during transit and is a effective equipment for package design and performance analysis before production and use. The machine provides method to closely represent the environment actually encountered during transportation.

Standard Compliance:
TAPPI T-817,
ASTM D 999 - 75,
IS : 7028 (Part II) - 1973